Modifying a web application for data validation and responsiveness

You want to update an ASP.NET MVC web application, and you decided to use jQuery to make the website feel more fluid and easier to develop. The application has various fields, including a memo field, an email field, and a date field. The application also uses a set of buttons that makes up the navigation pane. When navigating, the client must requery the server each time, which makes the application feel less responsive. When thinking of answers to these questions, keep in mind that JavaScript alone might not be able to fix the situation.

How can you prevent users from entering incorrect dates in a date-only field?
How can you preload information and display it as needed?
When querying for a product, if the product is not found, how can you update a portion of the search screen rather than creating a pop-up to notify the end user?